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steppe mammoth
The steppe mammoth (''Mammuthus trogontherii'' or ''Mammuthus armeniacus'') is an extinct species of Elephantidae that ranged over most of northern Eurasia during the Middle Pleistocene, 600,000-370,000 years ago. It probably evolved in Siberia during the early Pleistocene from ''Mammuthus meridionalis''. It was the first stage in the evolution of the steppe and tundra elephants and an ancestor of the woolly mammoth of later glacial periods.
==Taxonomy==
There is confusion about the correct taxicological name for the Steppe Mammoth, either ''Mammuthus armeniacus'' (Falconer 1857) or ''Mammuthus trogontherii'' (Pohlig 1885). Falconer used material from Asian sources while Pohlig worked with fossil remains from Europe and both names appear in scientific publications, adding to the confusion. A first taxonomical overhaul was done by Maglio 1973〔Maglio VJ. 1973. Origin and evolution of the elephantidae. Trans Am Philos Soc 633:1–149.〕 who decided that both names were synonyms, ''armeniacus'' being the older, hence the preferred name. However in Shoshoni & Tassy 1996〔Shoshoni, J., & Tassy, P., (eds.), 1996: The Proboscidea - Evolution and paleontology of elephants and their relatives. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.〕 it was decided that the description of Pohlig prevailed, and consequently the correct name for the steppe mammoth is ''M. trogontherii''. It is unclear if both forms are indeed identical and authors tend to use the name ''M. trogontherii'' for European material and ''M. armeniacus'' for Asian remains.
Several Japanese mammoth varieties from the early Pleistocene have been named, but all are now thought to be synonyms of ''M. trogontherii''.〔http://books.google.dk/books?id=JmSsNuwMAxgC&pg=PA240&lpg=PA240&dq=Mammuthus+paramammonteus&source=bl&ots=I5yAf1mM-0&sig=PLJyKaYJmfMxf8ECP9ZEHuAgqkY&hl=da&sa=X&ei=lb7XUN-fG4jOtAaQ34G4Ag&ved=0CGUQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Mammuthus%20paramammonteus&f=false〕
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